植物印製法Leaf Printing 2/18新增補充

植物印製法是我們去年利用好天氣的時候，慢慢測試的印相法，其實也不是什麼神奇魔法之類的小技巧，過程中也不需要任何化學藥劑，只需要下列我們所說的材料就好，很簡單的原理，就是利用光合作用的時間差，把底片放在葉子上（新鮮的），照射太陽後，沒被曝曬的部份就會保留他原有葉子的顏色，比較有趣的是，過程中是利用葉子的退色，跟我們一般在做顯影時相反（顯影時是增色），所以我們要使用正片來做印相，不過，還是有些例外，如果葉子被太陽照射後顏色變深的話，那就還是需要負片來作印相。

Leaf Printing -Use of photosynthesis to produce a photographic image on a leaf.

Materials needed:
Positive image on transparent film.
Leaf of your choice.
Contact frame or glass, board & clips.
Sunlight

Process
1. Produce a positive image on transparent film.
2. Choose a leaf to be printed.
3. Sandwich the film and the leaf in a contact frame or between glass and board with clips.
4. Expose it to direct sunlight. Exposure times may be from one day to one week depending on the type
of leaf.

植物印製法-利用光合作用將影像印製在葉片上

所需材料：
正片影像的投影片
新鮮樹葉
直接印像框或是用玻璃、厚板、夾子代替
太陽光

步驟：
1.製作正片影像的投影片
2.選擇想要印製的葉子
3.像做三明治一樣的，依序將玻璃、底片、葉子、厚板，最後再用
夾子夾緊或適用直接印像框
4.在強烈的太陽光下曝光，曝光時間依照不同的葉子可能需要一天
至一周的時間

Materials needed 所需材料


Ready for exposure 準備曝光


Exposed under direct sunlight for 1 day.
直接在大太陽下曝光一天的時間


3 days under direct sunlight.
三天的曝光時間


5 days under cloud and sun.
五天的曝光時間


1 week under cloud and sun.
一週的曝光時間

Types of Processes 日光顯影方式

CYANOTYPES 氰版攝影


TRADITIONAL FORMULA: 傳統配方

• Original John Herschel’s formula, using Ferric Ammonium Citrate (green scale) and Potassium Ferricyanide to create cyan (blue) colored image.

1. Need to mix part A and part B just before using to make it light sensitive. (A + B = light sensitive working solution)

2. Printed image color is almost the same (Cyan) as the NEW FORMULA, but not as deep blue.

3. Need longer exposure times. (20 - 30 mins. in direct sun, instead of 5-10 mins, as with the NEW FORMULA).

4. Sensitizer Part A will get moldy after about a month & need to be filtered.

5. Chemical prices are much cheaper and easier to mix than the NEW FORMULA.
6. Less toxic.
7. Printed images can be toned in coffee, tea & more to create warmer tones.

．原始的“John Herschel”配方，是使用Ferric Ammonium Citrate (檸檬酸鐵銨 綠色)與 Potassium Ferricyanide 赤血鹽混合製造出青色(cyan)的影像。
1. 於使用前，須將A劑與B劑混合出感光劑。（A+B=感光工作液，欲使用前才須混合，並立刻使用）。
2. 最終的影像顏色與新配方的效果幾乎相同（青色），但沒有那麼深藍。
3. 需要較長時間的曝光（陽光直射下需20~30分鐘，新配方則只需5~10分鐘）
4. A劑約一個月後會有些沈澱物，需要過濾。
5. 化學藥劑價錢比較低，也較易於混合。
6. 較低毒性。
7. 成像可調成咖啡或茶色，或較為溫暖的色調。

EXPERIMENTAL FORMULA: 實驗配方


• Uses TRADITIONAL FORMULA but with Part C to control contrast and color.
1. Need to mix part A, part B & part C just before using. (A + B + C = working solution)
2. Printed image color can be adjusted from Cyan to brown.
3. Need MUCH longer exposure times. (1 to 2 hours in direct sun or 2 to 8 hours in cloudy skies – pending on desired color).
4. May need longer washing/soaking times (Up to 24 hours in water).
5. Sensitizer Part A will get moldy after about a month & need to be filtered.
6. Chemicals for sensitizer Part C is expensive and difficult to buy.
7. Sensitizer Part C is much more toxic than the TRADITIONAL FORMULA (A + B).

．使用傳統配方但多增加C劑以控制反差與顏色。
1. 須將A、B與C劑於要使用前混合。（A+B+C=感光工作液）
2. 成像顏色可調整自青色至棕色。
3. 需要大量的曝光時間（陽光直射下1~2小時，陰天須2~8小時。曝光時間依所需顏色而不同）
4. 需要更長的水洗與曬乾時間（上至24小時浸泡於水中）
5. A劑約一個月後會有沈澱物及黴菌出現，需要過濾。
6. C劑價錢昂貴且不易取得。
7. C劑毒性較強。


NEW FORMULA: 新配方


• Developed by Dr. Mike Ware using Ferric Ammonium Oxalate and Potassium Ferricyanide.

1. One part solution (one premixed solution = light sensitive working solution).
2. Printed image color is much deeper blue.
3. More light sensitive (exposure time of 5-10 mins. in direct sun, instead, of 20 – 30 mins. as with the TRADITIONAL FORMULA).
4. Better tonal range than the TRADITIONAL FORMULA.
5. More stable chemical (will last at least one year).
6. Can be diluted up to 1part (sensitizer) &1 part (water) without much of color loss.
7. More toxic than the TRADITIONAL FORMULA (A + B).
8. More complicated to mix from raw materials (from dry powder & crystals).

．由Mike Ware博士發明，使用是使用 Ferric Ammonium Oxalate (草酸鐵銨)與 Potassium Ferricyanide 赤血鹽製作
1. 一劑（事先混合好的溶劑=感光工作液）
2. 成像效果有著更深的藍色。
3. 對光線更為敏感（陽光直射下約5~10分鐘，否則須20~30分鐘）
4. 色調階差較傳統配方好
5. 化學藥劑較為穩定（可保存至少一年）
6. 可以1(溶劑):1（水）的比例稀釋而不會有太多的顏色損失。
7. 比傳統配方毒性更強。
8. 欲混合原始素材（乾粉和晶體）較為複雜。


VANDYKE BROWN PRINTS: 凡戴克棕色沖片


• Uses Ferric Ammonium Citrate (green scale), Tartaric Acid and Silver nitrate to create brown toned images.

1. One part solution (one premixed solution = light sensitive working solution).
2. Printed image color is warm brown to dark cocoa brown.
3. More detail on printed image.
4. Overall process is similar to Cyanotype but VDB requires development, not just wash in water.
5. Shorter shelf life of chemical (will last about three months or up to one year if refrigerated).
6. More archival than Cyanotypes (up to 100+ years if toned in Platinum, palladium or gold toner).
7. When toned, the image quality is comparable to Platinum/Palladium print but much cheaper than making Platinum/Palladium prints.

． 使用Ferric Ammonium Citrate 檸檬酸鐵銨 !green scale 綠色) , Tartaric Acid 酒石酸與 Silver nitrate 硝酸銀混合製造出棕色調的影像
1. 一劑（事先混合好的溶劑=感光工作液）
2. 成像為溫暖的棕色至黑巧克力的顏色。
3. 成像有更多的細節。
4. 整體過程與氰版攝影雷同，指使棕版印刷需要顯影過程，而非只需水洗。
5. 化學藥劑保存期限較短（保存於冰箱約三個月到一年）。
6. 成像可比氰版攝影保存的更久（若是白金版、 鈀金、或金色上色可保存一百年以上）
7. 上色後，影像品質可比擬白金/ 鈀金版，但較便宜。

PHOTOSYNTHESIS (Printing on Leaf): 光合作用（印在葉子上）


Using only the film, leaf and sun light.
只需底片、葉子和日光